Colorectal cancer is one of the most preventable and treatable cancers when detected early. Yet, many people delay screening because they are unsure about their options. If you are 45 or older, or have a family history of colorectal cancer, it is time to speak with your provider about getting screened.
There are several ways to get screened, and the best option depends on your personal health history and risk factors. Here are three of the most common and effective colorectal cancer screening methods.
1. Colonoscopy: The Most Comprehensive Screening
What is a Colonoscopy?
A colonoscopy is considered the gold standard for colorectal cancer screening. It is the most thorough test available and allows doctors to detect and remove precancerous polyps during the procedure.
How a Colonoscopy Works
A thin, flexible tube with a small camera is inserted into the colon to examine the lining for abnormalities. If polyps are found, they can be removed immediately. A colonoscopy is the only screening test that can both detect and prevent colorectal cancer. It does require preparation, including dietary restrictions and a bowel cleanse the day before.
How often do you need a colonoscopy?
Every 10 years if results are normal.
Who is a Colonoscopy best for?
Those looking for a long-term screening solution with the ability to remove polyps before they become cancerous.
2. FIT Test: A Simple At-Home Option
What is a FIT Test?
The Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) is a non-invasive stool test that checks for hidden blood, which can be an early sign of colorectal cancer. This test is convenient and can be done at home.
How a FIT Test Works
A small stool sample is collected and sent to a lab for analysis.
How often do you need a FIT Test?
Once a year.
Who is a FIT Test Best for?
Those looking for a quick and easy screening option with no dietary restrictions or preparation.
While the FIT test is effective in detecting early signs of colorectal cancer, it does not detect polyps directly. A positive result will require a follow-up colonoscopy for further evaluation.
3. Stool DNA Test: An Advanced At-Home Screening Option
What is a Stool DNA Test?
A stool DNA test, such as Cologuard®, goes a step further than the FIT test by detecting both hidden blood and abnormal DNA that may indicate cancer or precancerous polyps.
How does Stool DNA Test work?
A stool sample is collected at home and sent to a lab for testing. The test looks for genetic changes associated with colorectal cancer.
How often do you need a Stool DNA Test?
Every three years if results are normal.
Who is a Stool DNA test Best for?
Those who prefer an at-home screening option with more advanced detection than the FIT test.
Like the FIT test, a stool DNA test does not replace a colonoscopy. If the results are abnormal, a follow-up colonoscopy is needed.
Which Screening Test Is Right for You?
The most important thing is to get screened. Speak with your provider to determine which test is best based on your risk factors, family history, and personal preferences.
- Colonoscopy: Most thorough option, can detect and remove polyps, but requires preparation.
- FIT Test: Quick, easy, and done yearly, but may require follow-up testing.
- Stool DNA Test: Convenient at-home option with more advanced detection, but still requires follow-up if results are positive.
Colorectal cancer often develops with no symptoms in the early stages, which is why regular screening is essential. Detecting cancer early leads to better treatment outcomes and can even prevent cancer from developing in the first place.
If you are 45 or older, or at higher risk, talk to your provider about scheduling a screening. Taking this step could save your life.
English 
Español